Understanding Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body either does not produce enough insulin or does not use insulin effectively — a condition called insulin resistance. Over time, elevated blood glucose damages blood vessels and nerves, leading to complications affecting the kidneys, eyes, heart, and feet.
The Three Pillars of Management
1. Diet and Nutrition
- Low glycaemic index foods: Brown rice, millets (ragi, bajra), whole pulses, and vegetables keep glucose rising slowly
- Portion control: Even healthy foods raise blood sugar when consumed in large quantities
- Reduce refined carbohydrates: White rice, maida, sugary drinks cause rapid glucose spikes
- Eat at regular intervals: Skipping meals leads to erratic glucose levels
2. Physical Activity
- At least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week
- Resistance training twice a week to build muscle
- A 10–15 minute walk after meals significantly blunts post-meal glucose spikes
3. Medication and Monitoring
Common options include Metformin (first-line), SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists, and insulin therapy when required. Regular HbA1c testing every three months gives a complete picture of your control. A target below 7% is recommended for most patients.
Preventing Complications
Annual check-ups should include an eye examination for diabetic retinopathy, foot inspection, kidney function tests, and lipid and blood pressure assessment.
A Word from Dr. Sai Shajan
Diabetes management is a marathon, not a sprint. Small, consistent changes in daily habits are far more sustainable than dramatic short-term measures. My aim is to partner with every patient so that diabetes becomes something you manage confidently.
Diabetology OPD: Monday – Sunday, 9 AM – 12 PM and 4 PM – 9 PM.